Restorative Justice and Young Offenders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Restorative Justice and Young Offenders - Essay Example (Luna 2003) This inclusive process of penology is preferred as a medium for dealing with the causes and effects of crime in the community. (Luna 2003) Restorative justice views crime as an offence against an individual (or individuals) and the community and is thus a departure from the traditional norm in penology where the state assumes the role as the one whose prohibitions has been breached. The locus of dealing with crime and its effects under restorative justice is thus communal in nature. Consequently, Marshall (1995) has observed that restorative justice gives "recognition of community, rather than criminal justice agencies as the prime site of crime control" (p.1) Marshall (1999) also asserts that restorative justice is founded on principles which include "making room for the personal involvement of those mainly concerned (particularly the offender and the victim, but also their families and communities); seeing crime problems in their social context; a forward-looking (or preventative) problem-solving orientation;" and "flexibility of practice (creativity)" (p.5). One of the areas of the criminal justice system that restorative justice is showin... (Thames Valley Police, 1999) McGarrell (2001) observes that in the US, emphasis on issues of youth violence and school safety due to school shootings, have diverted attention from an important area of concern like delinquency among the very young. Writing in 2000, Puzzanchera et al, had indicated through available statistics that 16 percent of youth below the age of 13 arrested by police were referred to juvenile courts. What is more worrying is the fact that 60 per cent of youth between the ages of 10-12 referred to juvenile courts re-offended and thus appeared before the courts more than once. (McGarrell, 2001) Snyder and Sickmund (1995) have also observed that 80 percent of youth who are referred to juvenile courts for a second time are likely to offend again and thus appear before the courts again. Though the incidence of child delinquency that precipitates this early involvement with the criminal justice system are generally not serious crimes, the risk of child offenders progressing to more serious crimes in the future is very high - two out of three time higher than for offenders who start offending at a later stage in life. (Loeber and Farrington, 2000) Consequently, "early involvement in status offenses and delinquency is a stepping stone in a pathway to serious, violent, and chronic offending". (McGarrell, 2001 p.1) With such a high incidence of offending and re-offending, the criminal justice system dealing with youth crime definitely needs a system that can stem the tide of this chronic re-offending rate among the youth and the promise that restorative justice is showing in this direction is encouraging. As is evident in the introductory segment of this literature review, restorative justice can be used widely in the criminal justice system to deal

Formal research report topic Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Formal report topic - Research Paper Example This section will form the foundation of the research and will assist in development of the comparison between the two companies. Pepsi is one of the leading brands of cola drinks across the world. Pepsi was founded in 1898 when a pharmacist experimented with various juices and syrups and invented the famous beverage Pepsi. With the intense efforts by the company and the highly levels of marketing and advertising, the company became renowned across the world. The company has adopted a number of different strategies for marketing as well as sales and has been able to develop strong brand recognition and brand equity across the globe (Pepsi, 2010). Pepsi owns a major part of the overall markets and the company has been able to build a strong brand image globally. Coca Cola is one of the leading companies throughout the world. Coca Cola has left a major mark on the industry and is recognized for to be the largest and most famous soft drinks company across the world. The company was introduced in 1886 when the company produced a drink with the ‘Coca Cola’ syrup and carbonated water in Atlanta. However over the years the company has grown to become the world’s largest and most well known companies across the world. Coca Cola has also been able to create goodwill and a trademark for itself. which has become invaluable and the goodwill that the company has been able to create for itself is very high. Coca Cola has been able to use its brand image and to develop and recover from the complete physical property loss that the company had been faced with. The company however with the name that it had created had been able to develop and gain back its position in the market (Coca Cola, 2010). Both the companies being giants in the industry will be compared and contrasted on three main areas, a) Strengths and weaknesses, b) financial perspectives and c) a comparison of the two companies as competitors. Pepsi Co. has seen a high

Censorship Essay -- essays research papers

Are we protected from censorship under the First Amendment? In other words do people or groups have the right to examine material and remove or prohibit anything they consider objectionable? This argument has been progressing for hundreds of years, the first notable case was against John Peter Zenger, in 1743. Zenger was an editor of a New York colonial newspaper that often published articles that criticised the colony's governor. He successfully argued that publishing the truth should be a defense and thus defied the conventional wisdom and ended colonial intrusion into freedom of the press (Harer 21). Since that case, the progression through time has expanded matters to the complicated issues we see today. The founders of the United States government tried to protect this liberty by assuring a free press, to gather and publish information without being under control or power of another, in the First Amendment to the Constitution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   So why do we need to be concerned if we, as citizens, have been properly protected under the constitution? Our concerns occur, on account of special interest groups that are fighting to change the freedom of expression, the right to freely represent individual thoughts, feelings, and views, in order to protect their families as well as others. These groups, religious or otherwise, believe that publishing unorthodox material is an abuse of free expression under the First Amendment. As we will come to find, our Supreme...

Financial Engineering Essay

University of Stratchclyde is amongst one of the top ranking universities in the United Kingdom. The university is located right at the heart of Glasgow, Scotland’s biggest and most cosmopolitan city. The University of Stratchclyde was founded in 1796 when John Anderson, Professor of Natural philosophy at Glasgow University left instructions in his will to establish a university which should be a place for useful learning for everyone. His vision was realized when Anderson’s university opened later in the same year he died. The university developed rapidly since its inception and by the 1890s, had become a major technological institution with a wide reputation for research and learning. This rapid expansion meant that there was a need of raising more finances for opening up a new building for the university. For this purpose, a fundraising campaign was started by the governors and as a result a, the Glasgow and West of technical college building, now the Royal College Building was opened in George street(strath. ac. uk. ,n. d. ). The primary focus was on science and engineering, though it also offered some courses in management. The college was known for producing some of the best scientists and engineers of its time. In 1964, the Royal College was granted the Royal Charter and thus became the University of Strathclyde. In 1993, the University of Strathclyde merged with Jordan hill College of Education, which is Scotland’s Premier teacher training college(strath. ac. uk. , n. d). This new faculty offers teacher training alongside courses such as speech and language pathology, social work, sport and outdoor education. At the time the University received its Royal Charter, it had some 4,000 full-time students and only a single block of buildings fronted by the Royal College. Today University of Strathclyde has become the third largest university in Scotland.

Police Corruption in America - 2871 Words

Police Corruption in America The missions statement of police agencies usually highlight with pride the maintenance, promotion, and protection of peace, order, safety, and justified law enforcement in communities and the entire nation. Police officers are agents meant to bust crimes and get the bad guys. The police agency that the public use to lean on as the legitimate authority figure to come to the rescue however has created conflicting public perception. The misconduct of some police officers that include abuse of power and corruption tainted the good reputation of the agency overtime. The public trust on the agency has been broken and that has caused some members of the society to distrust and have doubts to service motives†¦show more content†¦Abuse of power and authority that include fraud and bribery are among the common undying police corruption practices. In 1960s, the Red Squad supposed to be secret police agents of Chicago Police Department meant to apprehend su bversive activities got involved on corruptive activities as the group illegally spied on civil rights activists and destroyed documents that would threaten politicians in power (Hagedorn, Kmiceik, Simpson, Gradel, Zmuda, Sterrett, 2013). The concealed abuse of power of masked corrupt officers has become beneficial to organized crimes and drug lords and rings particularly that police agents got involved with guns, gangs, and drugs during the 20th century. The police agencies have actively investigated police corruptions yet the drug and gang connections persisted till the 21st century. Police officers have been heavily connected, faced charges, indicted, and some jailed in connections to organized crimes and drug dealing and trafficking activities. Obviously, drug lords and dealers are making good money from drug dealing and police officers have become victims of temptations of promising financial gains. The 10 police officers in Chicago Marquette District are among the publicized police corruption cases involved with drugs and gangs connection (Hagedorn, Kmiceik, et al, 2013). Police officers conspiring with drug traffickers have been proven many times. Chicago police officer Lewellen for instance have been convictedShow MoreRelated Police Corruption in America Essay1699 Words   |  7 PagesPolice Corruption in America The police officer stands at the top of the criminal justice system in a nation where crime rates are high and where the demands for illegal goods and services are widespread. These conditions create a situation in which the police officer is confronted with opportunity to accept a large number of favors or grants. Police corruption occurs in many forms and observers of police behavior agree that it falls into nine specific areas. Drug related police corruptionRead MoreProhibition And The Prohibition Of America1298 Words   |  6 PagesThe prohibition was a divided experiment that unintentionally brought organized crime, flourished the presence of speakeasies in America and created a high rise of criminals in America. The backfiring of the prohibition brought America an uprising in organized crime; criminals and the consumption, manufacturing and selling of alcohol became more expensive and profitable to those involved. Silk suits, guns, money and booze were the popular credentia ls amongst the finest in the bootlegging and mobRead MoreCorruption of Foreign Governments Essay1214 Words   |  5 PagesCorruption can be defined as the misuse of entrusted power for personal benefit. It can also be described as letting personal or family relationships influence economic decision making, be it by private economic agents or by government officials. Corruption is always kept secret and therefore individual behavior of corrupt agents is almost impossible to observe systematically in real life. The objectives of government are vital to the understanding of the diverse negative effectsRead MoreThe Positive Relationship Between Public Officials and Corruption 1384 Words   |  6 Pagestrouble. Police officers are part of a branch in law enforcement that helps contribute in the enforcement of certain restrictions and rules to the society in transforming and keeping it a healthy environment. Law officials have been in existence for the majority of the time, but have now been bribed into letting particular situations slide by. It has converted into controversial issue and common situation, where now it is possible to be seen anywhere. What ever happened to those police officersRead MorePolice corruption770 Words   |  4 Pagesdefinition of Police corruption is a specific form of police misconduct designed to obtain financial gain, other personal gain, or career advancement for a police officer or officers in exchange for not pursuing, or selectively pursuing, an investigation or arrest. One common form of police corruption is taking bribes in exchange for not reporting organized drug or prostitution rings or other illegal activities. Another example is police officers misusing the police code of conductRead MoreUnethical Police Operations1099 Words   |  5 PagesUnethical Police Operations When a Police Officer abuses his authority, it is called police misconduct. Police misconduct is a broad term used to describe police corruption and police brutality which include violations of state and federal laws, the violation of an individual’s constitutional rights, the abuse of police authority for personal gain, excessive force, false arrest and imprisonment, malicious prosecution, and wrongful death. Police misconduct can often lead to the miscarriage of justiceRead MoreThe Crime Of The Police Essay1629 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction When we think of the police, we normally think of the brave men and women out on the street, enforcing the law, catching criminals, helping out the public in cases of emergency and making us feel safe in general. Most of the Police in most of the world is like that which is a good thing, However in the United States of America the police here are a bit more ruthless. Most of the police officers are very nice people and they really do want to help out in their community, but unfortunatelyRead MoreEssay on Police Brutality and Corruption681 Words   |  3 PagesPolice Brutality and Corruption Corruption in policing is viewed as the misuse of authority by a police officer acting officially to fulfill his/her personal needs or wants. There are two distinct elements of corruption; 1) misuse of authority, 2) personal attainment. The occupational subculture of policing is a major factor in both creating police corruption, by initiating officers into corrupt activities, and sustaining it, by covering up corrupt activities by other officers. Police corruptionRead MoreAn Eyewitness Of Police Brutality Essay1742 Words   |  7 Pagesgood and the bad. I am an eyewitness of police brutality that has taken place on a daily basis there. There are several individuals in Baltimore who have no respect for the police at all and the reason is they feel as if the police officers have no respect for them. A Baltimore resident by the name Freddie Gray died from a spinal injury at the hands of police during an arrest on April 2015. Trust he was the not the first who was injured or killed in police custody in Baltimore. â€Å"$5.7 million is theRead MorePolice Misconduct And The Criminal Justice System1039 Words   |  5 PagesPolice unethical operations, imposes high cost on police, the criminal justice system, and society. Criminal activity by a police officer undermines the basic integrity of law enforcement and the grounds which the laws were based on. Regardless if an officer takes a small bribe or is involve in a drug trade, the corruption forever change the relationship between communities and the face of justice. . . Unethical Police Operation When a Police Officer abuses his authority, it is called police

Why Invest in Apple Inc. - 1608 Words

Why invest in Apple Inc.? Daniel A. Martinez MGT 521 March 12, 2012 Diane Hunt Wagner Abstract This paper presents a brief discussion and analysis of Apple Inc. using the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) management model as a way of providing the reader an â€Å"at a glance† perspective prior to making a decision to invest in the firm. Some of the company’s financial figures obtained from its recently published 2011 unaudited financial reports such as the income statement, balance sheet and cash flow reports are included in the analysis and will be used as a reference for the explanation of the concepts here reviewed. Internal and external stakeholder identification and the fulfillment of their wants and needs†¦show more content†¦| |Mobile advertising – Provides growth opportunity |Global and socio-economic conditions – European and Asian countries | |Stimulation of customer demand for new products – Maintain product |stagnation and Middle East social unrest could lower international | |innovation. Eg. iPad2 |growth. | | |Company’s reliance on third party software developers | | |Potential failure of outsourcing overseas | (â€Å"Apple Inc. Company Profile,† 2011). Underlined are the key items from the analysis considered to advice investing in this organization. With all elements of the analysis considered, it seems like the potential threats outweigh the strengths and opportunities, however the company’s strong financial performance results positions it as a low risk investment. Revenues, profit and high gross margins combined with a sound control on company expenses and a wealthy cash flow reportShow MoreRelatedApple s Manufacturing Department Work773 Words   |  4 Pagesefficiency of the manufacturing department is very low because of the poor execution sake. For example, Apple and Foxconn case, when the US factories produce the same products as Foxconn, the output of the US factories is only 80 percent of Foxconn and product defective rate is more than twice than Foxconn although Apple invest manpower into US factories. This is why we see â€Å"Designed by Apple in California. As sembled in China† on lots Apple’s products. Supply chain management is inadequate. The explosiveRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Apple Inc. Essay1469 Words   |  6 PagesApple is a leading company in the industry of Technology manufactures mobiles, computers, communications devices and portable devices. The company also sells software computer accessories and network solutions. Apple was said â€Å"the most valuable company in the world† apple earn this value though its creativity and innovation. The company has high values for its stakeholders and it has a sustainable competitive advantage for its shareholder in the industry. Industry Analysis Firm Analysis: AppleRead MoreCase Study : Tech Shield Should Make A Decision1744 Words   |  7 PagesTech Shield should make a decision to invest in Apple Inc. stocks because they are one of the most popular electronics company in the world. This report recommends making an investment in Apple because: †¢ Affordable stock price †¢ Strong business strategies †¢ High market share But Apple Inc. also has a few weaknesses compare to other electronic companies such as: †¢ Higher prices compare to other brands †¢ Nonnegotiable advertising price Research shows that Apple would never lower its premium pricesRead MoreEssay on Case Study #21617 Words   |  7 PagesCase study # 2: The apple of your â€Å"I† This case study will describe why Apple Inc. is a very successful company and has become the second largest public company in the world. It all started  in the 1980s when Apple started producing home computers. This helped those who were full-time students and workers by also producing a particular computer, the Macintosh computer. However, in 1985 Steve Jobs lost against the Apple board, and because of the unfortunate negative outcome of the meeting, SteveRead MoreStock Market Project1448 Words   |  6 Pagestogether on their finance stock market project. We felt that our risk tolerance was different then it normally would be sense we had 500,000 to invest in the stock market compared to our own money. Due to the fact that this was fake money we found ourselves to be conservative as well as risky depending on the situation. We have been given three months to invest money in the stock market as well as with different types of investments such as shorting, limiting, etc and to c ome out with a positive returnRead MoreA Brief History of Apple Inc1441 Words   |  6 PagesBackground: A brief history of the organization â€Å"Apple Inc. founded by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak was incorporated on January 3, 1977 and its central corporation resides in Cupertino, California† (Apple Inc., 2014). Apple is a world-wide organization that is known for programming, designing, developing, creating and selling consumer electronics. The company is mainly known for their Macintosh line of computers, Mac OS X software, iTunes media application and also the iPhone smartphoneRead MoreUnderstanding Brands as Personalities Essay1395 Words   |  6 Pagesbranding in building a competitive business. Branding is much more than a buzzword - it is, in a sense, a company’s promise to its consumers. When a product, service, or company is well branded, consumers know exactly what they’re going to get when they invest. In another sense, branding is the outward projection of what a business hopes to associate with its name. A brand includes not only a company’s logo and slogan, it also includes the design, personality, and service quality associated with the companyRead MoreThe New Iphone 7 : Stock As Well As The Best Buy ( Bby ) Stock Essay1492 Words   |  6 PagesAs a group we decided to invest in the Apple (AAPL) stock as well as the Best Buy (BBY) stock. After researching their past success around this time of year we have come to the conclusion that investing in their stocks would be a smart financial decision. Focusing more towards Apple, there was recently a new IOS update which led people to purchase new software. Although the new iPhone 7 has been out for a while now, we took into account that people would still be purchasing that item therefore bringingRead MoreMarketing Strategy For Apple Inc.888 Words   |  4 PagesApple Inc. is number one company in personal entertainment. It has been loyal in design and marketing strategy for over 33 years. Apple Inc. has been promoted itself as a worldwide for its innovation and market leading business operation. Whenever A pple Inc. introduces new products to the public; it always attracts the whole world to pay attention to it. A closer look on their finances could somewhat explained why Apple Inc. has a great influence to the business world. Apple was founded in 1976 byRead MoreTrading And Investing Strategies Used For Cypress Semiconductor Corp1485 Words   |  6 PagesThis part of the report will analyze and explain the different trading and investing strategies used for Cypress Semiconductor Corp, CyberArk Software Ltd, Google Inc, and Apple Inc. During the course of the investment time, I’m not only a trader but also an investor. At the beginning of the game, I really did a lot of works for preparation. First step of my preparation is read the textbook carefully and tried to fully understand it. At the same time, I asked help from my classes and friends who

How Effective is The Singer Solution to World Poverty Essay

In â€Å"The Singer Solution to World Poverty,† Singer argues that all households should donate a percentage of their incomes to charity. Majority of the American population is satisfied with donating little to nothing to those in need, but seldom rethink the purchase of the luxury items. It is a commonly accepted fact that those who work for their earnings are deserving of the monies that they receive. Unfortunately, those in third world countries that don’t have the same resources and opportunities are unable to sustain their livelihood. Some children in third world countries suffer from deprivation of food and shelter; while those that are fortunate enough to have jobs are paid only cents a day. (â€Å"Some H-1B Workers Underpaid, Federal†¦show more content†¦The poverty level in America is significantly rising as well as those of other countries. If America’s social safety net programs are barely assisting Americans, how can they allow organizations to donate money to other countries? Yes, it’s true that the foreign countries may not have availability to certain resources, but America must solidify its foundation before helping others. If we do not, the final result will be the downfall of our own country’s well-being. On the other hand, poverty and homelessness are prevalent issues that are global. Americans fortunately have social safety net programs (welfare, unemployment, social security etc.) while other countries do not. Compared to foreign and underdeveloped countries we are more economically sound. Furthermore, Singer’s idea that â€Å"money you’re spending on luxuries, not necessities should be given away† (327) is an extreme idea, but should be weighed to see how it could benefit struggling families. There must definitely be a change that takes place within Americans, and encourages us to donate. But, until a change takes place within the American government there will be no turn in direction. As Singer points out â€Å" Comfortably off Americans who give, say 10 percent of their income to overseas organizations are so far ahead of most†¦ that I [won’t] chastise them.† (326) In contrast to Singer, 10 percent of any income is enough for a household to donate while being able to attain the luxuryShow MoreRelatedSinger s Proposal Of Effective Altruism904 Words   |  4 PagesSinger’s proposal of effective altruism is a combined philosophical and social movement that seeks to apply empirical evidence and human reasoning to find the most effective solution to better the world. The idea of finding the most effective solution to create social change draws similarities to the paramount utilitarian idea of the greatest happiness principle; the principle states that â€Å"actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to promote the reverseRead MoreAnalysis Of Rich And Poor By Peter Singer1052 Words   |  5 Pagesand Poor† We all heard countless solutions on how to solve world poverty. In Peter Singer’s article â€Å"Rich and Poor†, he discusses how he thinks this problem can be fixed. Singer claims that we all have a responsibility to support people who are in extreme need and are suffering from absolute poverty. Singer believes that poverty could be fixed if people give up their luxuries and give the money that they spent on unnecessary things to those who are destitute. In Singer s mind, we all have a duty toRead MoreEssay on Singers Solution to World Poverty1219 Words   |  5 PagesThe writer behind â€Å"Singers Solution to World Poverty† advocates that U.S. citizens give away the majority of their dispensable income in order to end global suffering. Peter Singer makes numerous assumptions within his proposal about world poverty, and they are founded on the principle that Americans spend too much money on items and services that they do not need. Singer uses some extreme methods in order to achieve his goal of getting readers to truly believe in his ideas and change their valuesRead MoreHardin vs. Singer1925 Words   |  8 PagesHardin versus Singer Rhetorical Strategies Picture living in a community where every minute of every day you were hungry, under-clothed, and afraid death because you are poor. A world in which child dies of hunger every 5 seconds. Now imagine waking up and your biggest problem was which sweater to wear with which jeans. Even though this seems hard to imagine, this life of poverty has been a reality for most people for ages. Before the1900s, few wealthy people would ever think about poverty. Two prominentRead MoreGlobal Institutions are the Solution to Global Poverty Essay1639 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal institutions are seen to be the better solution to help prevent world poverty in developing nations. Indeed, two philosophers, Thomas Pogge and Andrew Kuper, agree with this view that global institutions are more suited to prevent world poverty than NGOs. The reason for this is that global institutions have better defined institutional structures. A global institution â€Å"is an organization with hierarchical structures, having departments and agencies assigned with specific tasks† (WTO). TheyRead MoreAnalysis Of Katherine Boo s Behind The Beautiful Forevers2398 Words   |  10 PagesIt is clear that citizens in impoverished nations are stuck in a poverty trap, where they are unable to escape even with the assistance of aid from well developed nations. Many citizens are contributing money to charities because there is a moral obligation to donate if it does not put us into a state of economic instability. On the other hand, no matter how much aid is being given to nations stuck in poverty, this money is not helping any of the citizens. The money is going directly into the handsRead MoreAnalysis of What Shuold a Billionaire Give and What Should You? by Peter Singers2661 Words   |  11 Pageschildren. We are, Singer convincingly argues, products of our fortunate â€Å"social capital†; therefore, we have an obligation to those who do not have a social capital. Life is priceless. It is God’s greatest gift and should be returned to the Creator through good actions and charity. From this perspective rose philanthropy, with the aim of improving human life quality. Many attempts to â€Å"fight global poverty† were led during this century by some individuals but the core of the solution lies , accordingRead MoreLifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping The Poor - Garrett Hardin What Should A Billionaire Give-and What Should You? - Peter Singer3380 Words   |  14 PagesLifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping The Poor - Garrett Hardin What Should A Billionaire Give-and What Should You? - Peter Singer One of the most important issues facing the world today is the issue of the poor. There are many things that can be done about this issue, however much of the world is torn between wanting to help and not knowing how to go about it. This is the issue that is presented in the two essays - Garrett Hardin’s â€Å"Lifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping The Poor,† andRead MoreEssay America Must Provide Foreign Aid to Poor Countries2010 Words   |  9 Pagessleeping mat takes him four days to make and sells for as little as four cents, not enough to buy what little food there is in Malawi.   So he relies on handouts.   A few days ago, Diamond picked up his monthly ration of donated U.S. corn from the World Food Programme (WFP) at the Ngodzi distribution center near his village, carrying home the 110-pound bags tied to his bicycle (Harman).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Malawi is one of six southern African countries - along with Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, LesothoRead More Foreign Aid - Our Obligation to Help the Less Fortunate Essay2361 Words   |  10 Pages     Ã‚  Ã‚     What is absolute poverty?   According to Robert McNamara it is life at the very margin of existence (Singer 219).   It is a life that, if not ended by early death, causes a kind of misery unseen to those living in the United States.   Compared to the estimated 1.2 billion people, worldwide living in poverty, those of us in developed countries experience a life of luxury.   The things that we take for granted, such as cars, computers, microwaves, and televisions, are extravagant items